An Agreement between Countries to Support One Another against Enemies

The year before, Hitler had annexed Austria and taken the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia; in March 1939, his tanks rolled throughout the rest of Czechoslovakia. He seemed determined to overthrow the international order created by the Treaty of Versailles, the 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I (1914-18). (The treaty, which demanded many concessions and reparations from Germany, was very unpopular with Hitler and his Nazi party.) It also seemed that Hitler intended to take action against his neighbor Poland afterwards. To block it, France and Great Britain undertook on March 31, 1939 to guarantee the security and independence of Poland. The British and French also strengthened diplomatic engagement with the Soviet Union, trying to bring it closer together through trade and other agreements to show Hitler that he would also have to face Joseph Stalin if he invaded Poland. But Hitler already knew that the Soviets would not sit idly by if he tried to occupy Poland – an act that would extend Germany`s border to the Soviet Union. He also knew that France and the Soviets had formed a defensive alliance a few years earlier – a treaty that gave Stalin an additional reason to fight Germany if it ventured into Poland and triggered France`s promises. Punishment or punishment, such as the removal of embassy staff imposed by one nation or group of nations from another nation. The German government, concerned about this agreement, decided to test its borders and sent Emperor Wilhelm II to Morocco in March 1905 to declare its support for the sultan – a clear challenge to France`s influence in that country, which had been sanctioned by the Entente Cordiale. This attempt to shake up the Anglo-French alliance failed, with Britain siding with France; An international conference convened the following year in Algeciras, Spain, also recognized France`s claims in the region. After the Cold War, and in the absence of clear European blocs at the beginning of the 21st century, academics and policymakers debated whether alliances needed an enemy to stay united. For example, some policymakers have argued that given the demise of the Soviet Union, there is no justification for maintaining NATO.

In contrast, others argued that the organization could and should evolve to play a greater role in resolving conflicts on Europe`s troubled periphery, particularly in the Balkans. The latter view finally prevailed when NATO launched its first military operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1995 and against Serbia in 1999. From the same period, NATO membership was expanded to include most of the former Soviet satellites or their successor states and the newly independent Baltic republics. At the same time, various high-profile crises have highlighted the traditional approach to alliance building. For example, the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush after the terrorist attacks in the United States against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, a diverse coalition composed of a variety of old (e.B.dem United Kingdom) and new (e.B Uzbekistan) partners in the fight against international terrorism. A motivating factor behind the agreement was undoubtedly France`s desire to protect itself from possible aggression by its old rival Germany, which had gradually strengthened in the years following its victory in the German-French War of 1870-71 and now had the most powerful army in the world. Britain also sought to keep Germany under control, especially in the face of a revised and ambitious German naval program that, if successful, threatened to challenge Britain`s clear dominance at sea.

Alliances arise from attempts by states to maintain a balance of power between them. In a system composed of a number of medium-sized countries, as has been the case in Europe since the Middle Ages, no state is able to establish lasting hegemony over all the others, mainly because the other states unite in alliances against it. Thus, the repeated attempts of King Louis XIV of France (reigned 1643-1715) to dominate continental Europe led to a coalition against France and eventually to the War of the Grand Alliance; and Napoleon`s ambitions were also thwarted by a series of alliances formed against him. discuss with other different points of view in order to reach an agreement, contract or contract. The Allied victors sought to ensure post-war peace by establishing the League of Nations, which functioned as a collective security treaty and called for joint action by all its members to defend one or more individual members against an aggressor. .